全国2010年4月高等教育自学考试
《英语词汇学》试题和答案
课程代码：00832
I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)
1. When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ____ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper. （ ）
A. small B. meaningful
C. vocal D. large
2. ____ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words. （ ）
A. Terminology B. Jargon
C. Slang D. Argot
3. "I'm sure that they will come today."
There are____content words in the above sentence. （ ）
A. 2 B. 3
C. 4 D. 5
4. Which of the following is one of the three channels through which modern English vocabulary develops? （ ）
A. Acronym. B. Blending.
C. Elevation. D. Borrowing.
5. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the followings EXCEPT____. ( )
A. kungfu B.TV dinner
C. fast food D. Watergate
6. In modern times, ____is the most important way of vocabulary expansion. （ ）
A. semantic change B. borrowing
C, expansion D. creation
7. The plural morphme "-s" is realizd by/Iz/after the following sounds EXCEPT____.
( )
A. /s/ B. /g/
c. /z/ D. /ろ/
8. The word "idealistic" comprises ____morphemes. （ ）
A. 1 B. 2
C. 3 D. 4
9. The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT ____.( )
A. happier B. worker
C. harder D. taller
10. "Washing machine" is a word formed by____.（ ）
A. prefixation B. compounding
C. conversion D. blending
11. "TV" is a(n) ____.（ ）
A. initialism B. acronym
C. derivative D. compound
12. The prefix "mis-" in the word "mistrust" is a ____prefix. （ ）
A. negative B. reversative
C. pejorative D. locative
13. Which of the following is NOT one of the meanings of "word meaning"? （ ）
A. Reference. B. Concept.
C. Sense. D. Pronunciation.
14. Such synonymous pair as "die-pass away" has the same ____but different stylistic values.（ ）
A. reference B. concept
C. motivation D. style
15. The word "airmail" is ____motivated. （ ）
A. onomatopoeically B. etymologically
C. semantically D. morphologically
16. Words are arbitrary symbols with independent identities so far as their spelling and pronunciation is concerned. But ____, all words are related in one way or another.( )
A. linguistically B. semantically
C. grammatically D. pragmatically
17, ____, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called the central meaning. （ ）
A. Onomatopoeically B. Diachronically
C. Synchronically D. Etymologically
18. One important criterion to tell the fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is to see their____. （ ）
A. ideology B. etymology
C. mythology D. methodology
19. Vocabulary is the most ____element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content. （ ）
A. unbalanced B. unstable
C. unhinged D. undoubted
20. In Shakespeare's well-known Hamlet, rival means "____"and jump means "just". （ ）
A. janitor B. partner
C. collector D. observer
21. In the sentence "Just after two years he is quite a grown boy now." The word grown can be classified into ____sense of transfer. （ ）
A. physical B. objective
C. sensational D. subjective
22. In some cases, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs. This is called ____context. （ ）
A. non-linguistic B. lexical
C. grammatical D. cultural
23. The sentence "He is a hard businessman." is ambiguous due to____. （ ）
A. grammatical structure B. lexical context
C. homonymy D. polysemy
24. The extra-linguistic context may extend to embrace the entire____. （ ）
A. physical situation B. grammatical structure
C. mental activity D. cultural background
25. Which of the following is NOT one respect of the rhetorical features of idioms? （ ）
A. Phonetic manipulation. B. Lexical manipulation.
C. Syntactical manipulation. D. Figures of speech.
26. In nothing flat as an idiom is ____in nature. （ ）
A. verbal B. nominal
C. adjectival D. adverbial
27. The idiom "failure is the mother of success" is a ____ as far as figures of speech are concerned. （ ）
A. simile B. metaphor
C. metonymy D. personification
28. Which of the following is NOT one of the three good general dictionaries mentioned in the textbook? ( )
A. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.
B. Webster's Third New International Dictionary.
C. A Chinese-English Dictionary.
D. Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary.
29. Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known ______dictionary. ( )
A. unabridged B. desk
C. pocket D. encyclopedic
30. British dictionaries generally use____to mark the pronunciation.
A. British Phonetic Alphabet
B. American Phonetic Alphabet
C. International Phonetic Alphabet
D. Webster's Phonetic Alphabet
II. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of prefixes; 2) the functions of affixes; 3) types of antonyms; and 4) types of meanings. (10%)
A B
（ ） 31. appreciative meanings A. maltreat
（ ） 32. parent/child B. Jap/nigger
（ ） 33. pejorative prefixes C. tremble (not quiver) with fear
（ ） 34. man/woman D. famous/determined
（ ） 35. hyperactive/superfreeze E. extraordinary/telecommunication
（ ） 36. collocative meaning E prefixes of degree
（ ） 37. decompose/unwrap G. inflectional affixes
（ ） 38. pejorative meaning H. reversative prefixes
（ ） 39. radios/desks I. contradictory terms
（ ） 40. locative prefixes J. relative terms
llI. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)
41. Grammarians insist that a word be a ____form that can function in a sentence.
42. In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions because English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present ____language.
43. The morphemes can be grouped into free morphemes and ____morphemes.
44. New words which are created by adding affixes to stems are called____.
45. Though having little lexical meaning, ____words have strong grammatical meaning.
46. The vocabulary of a language is in constant change; old items drop out, new items come in, and as the new replace the old, so the internal ____of the whole set alter.
47. The attitudes of classes have also made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or____.
48. The sentence "I like Mary better than Jean." will lead to____.
49. The fixity of idioms depends on the____.
50. Encyclopedic dictionaries can be further divided into ____and encyclopedic dictionaries.
IV. Define the following terms. (10%)
51. borrowed words
52. conversion
53. motivation
54. narrowing
55. replacement of idioms
V. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)
56. What are derivational affixes?
57. What is grammatical meaning of a word? Give an example to illustrate your point.
58. What type of transfer is experienced for the word in bold type?
The fairy tale "The Sleeping Beauty" is very interesting.
59. Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the stylistic features of idioms.
Stylistically speaking, most idioms are neither formal nor informal.
VI. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)
60. Analyze and comment, with a diagram, on the italicized words increase, extend and expand in the following three sentences based on the concept of discrimination of synonyms.
[a] The company has decided to increase its sales by ten per cent next year.
[b] The owner of the restaurant is going to extend the kitchen by ten feet this year.
[c] The metal will expand if heated.
61.State the roles of context in determination of word meaning. Illustrate your points with examples.
2010年4月英语词汇学试题答案
Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. B
11. A 12. C 13. D 14. B 15. D 16. B 17. C 18. B 19. B 20 . B
21. B 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. C
Ⅱ．Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of prefixes; 2) the functions of affixes; 3) types of antonyms; and 4) types of meanings. (10%)
31. D 32. J 33. A 34. I 35. F 36. C 37. H 38. B 39. G 40. E
Ⅲ．Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）
41. free 42. analytic 43. bound 44. derivatives 45. functional
46. relations 47. degradation 48. ambiguity 49. idiomaticity 50. encyclopedia
Ⅳ．Define the following terms.（10%）
51. Borrowed words are words taken over from foreign languages.
52. Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.
53. Motivation refers to the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.
54. Narrowing is a process by which a word of wider meaning acquires a specialized sense.
55. Replacement of idioms is a constituent replaced by a word of the same part of speech, resulting in synonymous or antonymous idioms.
Ⅴ．Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）
56. What are derivational affixes?
Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words.
57. What is grammatical meaning of a word? Give an example to illustrate your point.
Grammatical meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships, such as part of speech of words, singular and plural meanings of nouns, tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional forms. For example, forget (base verb), forgets (3rd person singular form), forgot (past form), forgotten (present perfect form) and forgetting (progressive form).
58. What type of transfer is experienced for the word in bold type?
The fairy tale “The Sleeping Beauty” is very interesting.
Abstract to concrete
59. Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the stylistic features of idioms. Stylistically speaking, most idioms are neither formal nor informal.
False. Idioms are generally felt to be informal and some are colloquialisms and slang, therefore inappropriate for formal style. Occasionally, we find idioms which are extremely formal and used only in frozen style.
Ⅵ．Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）
60. Analyze and comment, with a diagram, on the italicized words increase, extend and expand in the following three sentences based on the concept of discrimination of synonyms.
[a] The company has decided to increase its sales by ten per cent next year.
[b] The owner of the restaurant is going to extend the kitchen by ten feet this year.
[c] The metal will expand if heated.
Synonyms may differ in the range and intensity of meaning. Some words have a wider range of meaning than others. Increase, extend and expand share a general sense but have different implications. Each of the three terms expresses a different kind of enlargement. This can be illustrated by the following graphs.
61. State the roles of context in determination of word meaning. Illustrate your points with examples.
Context plays a vital role in the following three aspects.
1) Elimination of ambiguity. When a word with multiple meanings used in inadequate context, it creates ambiguity, e.g. “He is a hard businessman.” The word hard in this context can mean both “hard-working” and “difficult”. The context fails to narrow down the meaning so that it is difficult for the reader to decide what exactly the speaker means.
2) Indication of referents. English has a large number of words such as now/then, here/there, I/you, this/that, which are often used to refer directly to people, time, place, etc. Without clear context, the reference can be very confusing. For example, the word now always means the time of speaking, naturally referring to a past time when the speech took place in the past or a present moment if the person is speaking.
3) Provision of clues for inferring word meaning. Context may prove extremely valuable in guessing the meanings of new words. Context clues vary a great deal but can be summed up as follows: .definition, explanation, example, synonym, antonym, hyponym, relevant details, and word structure
2010年4月全国自考《英语词汇学:00832》试题和答案：免费下载（word文档）
