一、时态：
我们需要特别注意以下几种情况和句型结构：
1.一般现在时可以代替将来时，用于时间和条件状语从句中。例如：
1)Return the book immediately to the library as soon as you _____ it.
A. finish
B. are finished
C. have finished
D. are finishing
答案A。
2)Please be sure to telephone me the next time you _____.
A. will come
B. would come
C. shall come
D. come
答案D。
2.在“This is the first time…”结构中，后面的从句用现在完成时。
句子开头也可以用it代替this
例：This is the first time that I have met Jane.
3.在“It/This is +形容词最高级+名词后面的从句中，用现在完成时。”
例：This is one of the best books _____ on the subject.
A. that have ever been written
B. which have ever been written
C. that has ever been written
D. whatever have been written
答案为A。
4.在“It is/has been＋时间段＋since…后边用过去时。”
例：It has been twenty years since I left my hometown.
5.在“no sooner…than”和“hardly… when…”结构中，主句部分用过去完成时，从句部分用过去时。例如：
1)I had no sooner returned than he called.
2)We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.
6.在“It is (high) time后边的从句中用过去时。”
例：It is time that we had a rest.
二、语态：
1. 语态是表示主语与谓语之间关系的一种形式。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
考查时态与语态的题通常结合在一起，尤其是被动语态，除了注意它的一般时态之外，还要注意它进行时态及完成时态的变化。如：
He told me that a highway was being built here.
他告诉我这里正在建造一条高速公路。
2. 另外还需注意有些动词，其形式虽是主动，但具有被动的含义。
1）当感官动词作系动词时,例如：
Good medicine tastes bitter.
良药苦口。
This material feels very soft.
这种衣料摸起来非常柔软。
2）还有一些及物动词作不及物动词时，也可以表示被动含义，如：
This pen doesn’t write well.
这支笔不好使。
此类动词不多，常见的有cut, lock, open, peel, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write 等。
练习：
1. Last night, on his way home, he was ____________ on the head by something hard.
A. striked B. stroke C. struck D. striken
2. “Did you say that our neighbor ________________ in the accident?”
A. badly hurt B. was badly hurted C. was badly hurt D. had badly hurted
3. While I ____________ my spectacles, I _____________ a pen.
A. was looking for … found B. was looking for … looked for
C. was finding … found D. was finding … looked for
4. If she doesn’t tell him the truth now, he’ll simply keep on asking her until she __________.
A. does B. has done C. will do D. would do
5. While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that television _______________ the newspaper completely.
A. replaced B. have replaced C. replace D. will replace
6. She ought to stop work. She has a headache because she ______________ too long.
A. has been reading B. had read C. is reading D. read
7. By the end of this month, we surely ____________ a satisfactory solution to the problem.
A. will have found B. have found C. will be finding D. are finding
8. We ______________ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.
A. just have had B. had just had C. just had D. have just had
9. Our school ___________ for the summer at the end of June.
A. to be closed B. closing C. closes D. to close
10. Send for a doctor quickly. The old man __________.
A. will die B. is dying C. dies D. died
练习答案：
01-05：CCAAD 06-10：AABCB
三、情态动词：
1．情态动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起组成谓语。只有ought后面接to do。
情态动词后接完成时的用法:情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、必须、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。
2．must＋现在完成时结构：这一结构表示对过去一个动作比较有把握的猜测。
例：I believe he _____ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.
A. would have had
B. could have had
C. should have had
D. must have had
答案为D。
3．should (ought to )have done用来表示本来应该做却没有做的事情。
例：I’m sorry I couldn’t get in touch with him before he left, I _____ him earlier.
A. had a telephone
B. have phoned
C. should have phoned
D. should be phoned
答案是C。中文意思是“我很抱歉我没能在他走之前和他联系上，我本应早点儿给他打电话的。”
4．could＋现在完成时，表示本来能做的事情而没有做。
例：Mary _____ that coat, but she chose to lend the money to a needy neighbour.
A. could have bought
B. must have bought
C. can buy
D. could buy
答案为A。玛丽本来可以买那件大衣的，但是她把钱借给一个更急需的邻居了。
四、虚拟语气：
虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达说话人的愿望、请求、意图、建议、惊奇、设想等。虚拟语气是英语语法的难点，考生必须熟练掌握。以下从五个方面介绍。
1．虚拟条件句中虚拟语气的运用：虚拟条件句从时间上又分为与现在事实相反，与过去事实相反，与将来事实可能相反三种情况。表示与现在事实相反的，if从句用过去式，主句用would（或could, should, might）加原形动词。与过去事实相反的，if从句用过去完成时，主句用would（或could, should, might）+have done结构。与将来事实可能相反的，if 从句用should (或were to)加动词原形，主句用would加动词原形。
1）If a better material _____, the strength of the part would have been increased.
A. had been used
B. had been using
C. being used
D. using
根据前面的讲解，正确答案为A。
2）Had the weather been good, the children _____ out for a walk.
A. had gone
B. could have gone
C. would go
D. went
答案为B。与过去的事实相反。当if从句中含有were, had, should这三个词时，if可以省略，主谓倒装。
2．某些动词后的宾语从句以及某些名词后的表语或同位语从句中虚拟语气的运用，这些动词或名词包括：suggest(suggestion),propose(proposal),advise (advice),demand, insist, order, request, require, recommend, desire, ask, decide等表示建议、命令或要求的词。在这些从句中，谓语形式为should加动词原形，should可以省略。
例：The general’s command was that the soldiers _____ their fort and carry out more important task.
A. would leave
B. leave
C. left
D. have left
答案为B。
3．在It is desired(或desirable), It is important等结构后面的主语从句中，动词用原形或should+原形动词。这些结构有： It is suggested, It is requested, It was ordered, It is necessary, It is essential. It is vital, It is urgent, It is impossible, It is preferable, It is advisable, It was proposed等。
例：It’s desired that she _____ to teach us at least twice a week,
A. comes
B. will come
C. come
D. may come
答案为C。
4．在would rather, as if/though以及wish后边that从句中虚拟语气的运用。
1）I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _____ next month for a dinner.
A. come
B. would come
C. came
D. have come
答案为C。would rather后面的从句中，动词形式用过去式。
2）He talks as if he _____ everything in the world.
A. knows
B. knew
C. had known
D. would have know
正确答案为B。在as if/though后边的方式状语从句中，表示与现在事实相反或对现在的情况有所怀疑，动词用过去式；如果表示的是想象中的过去的动作，用过去完成时。本句表示对现在的情况有所怀疑。
3）You look as if you had seen a ghost.
此句中as if 后边是说话人想象中的过去的动作，所以用过去完成时。
4）I wish I knew his address.
在wish后边的从句中，如果指现在或将来的愿望，动词用过去式。这句话告诉我们说话人并不知道他的地址。
5）Peter wishes that he _____ law instead of literature when he was in college.
A．could study
B. studied
C. had studied
D. would study
答案为C。在wish后边的从句中，如果表示过去没有实现的愿望，动词用过去完成时。
5．在It is (high) time后边的that从句中，动词用过去式，表示该做某事了。
例：Don’t you think it is time you _____ smoking?
A. give up
B. gave up
C. would give up
D. should give up
答案为B。
虚拟语气专项练习：
1. We desire that the tour leader ____________ us immediately of any change in plans.
A. inform B. informs C. informed D. has informed
2. It was proposed that the matter ___________ discussed at the next meeting.
A. will be B. was C. could be D. be
3. The young driver looked over the engine carefully lest it ___________ on the way.
A. goes wrong B. should go wrong C. went wrong D. would go wrong
4. It is essential that these application forms __________ back before the deadline.
A. must be sent B. will be sent C. are sent D. be sent
5. It’s already 5 o’clock now. Don’t you think it’s about time ____________?
A. we are going home B. we go home
C. we went home D. we can go home
6. I’d rather you _____________ make any comment on the issue for the time being.
A. didn’t B. wouldn’t C. don’t D. shouldn’t
7. That tree looked as if it ____________ for a long time.
A. hasn’t been watered B. didn’t water
C. hadn’t been watered D. wasn’t watered
8. She didn’t go to the party, but she does wish she _____________ there.
A. has been B. had been C. would have been D. would be
9. ____________ the whole situation, I wouldn’t have said it.
A. If I should know B. Had I known
C. If I knew D. Were to know
10. The traffic was very heavy; otherwise I ______________ here 30 minutes sooner.
A. could have been B. would be C. should be D. had been
练习答案：
01-05：ADBDC 06-10：ACBBA
五、非谓语动词：
动词非谓语形式包括不定式，动名词和分词，它们在句子中不能充当谓语，可以分别充当主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。虽然非谓语形式不能充当谓语，但它们仍然保留了动词的某些特征，比如说它们可以有自己的宾语，补足语或状语以及自己的逻辑主语，能成为句子的独立成分。
动词非谓语形式有一般时、进行时和完成时三种形式以及相应的主动与被动形式。在解答有关动词非谓语形式的试题时，应特别注意以下几点：
1．英语中有些动词后跟不定式作宾语，有些动词后面则接动名词作宾语，还有一些动词的后边既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词，有时意义不变，但有时却在意义上大不相同，所以必须牢记有关非谓语形式的基本知识。
1）We shall appreciate _____ from you soon.
A. being heard
B. hearing
C. to hear
D. having been heard
答案是B。appreciate 这个词后面只能接动名词，且应该是其一般式。
2）The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager of the company.
A. have told
B. be told
C. being told
D. having told
短语动词confess to中的to是介词，不是动词不定式符号，因此选项A和B可以排除。选项C是动名词的被动式，而动名词后边已经有了宾语a lie ,因此动名词不能是被动式，因此正确答案是D。用完成形式的动名词表示这个动作在主要动词之前已经发生。
3）We all feel sorry for _____ for so long after your arrival.
A. keep you waiting
B. having kept you waiting
C. waiting for you
D. keep you wait
答案为B。
2．非谓语动词作宾语补充语时，要弄清哪些动词后面可以跟不定式作宾补，哪些动词后面可以跟分词作宾补。
1）Mr. and Mrs. Smith didn’t expect the house _____ so well.
A. to be decorated
B. to decorate
C. be decorated
D. decorating
decorate是及物动词，因此可以排除B和D，C项缺了不定式的符号to，因此正确答案为A。
2）There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself _____.
A. hearing
B. being heard
C. to hear
D. heard
hear 在本句中是及物动词，据此可以排除A和C，B项选择形式不对，因此D是正确答案。
3）The manager has his employees _____ a business report every week.
A. to write
B. written
C. writing
D. write
答案为D。have和get后面接宾补时，要用过去分词或无to不定式。
4）we are going to have our office _____ to make room for a new engineer.
A. to rearrange
B. rearrange
C. rearranged
D. rearranging
答案为C。
3．非谓语动词作状语时，尤其是分词作状语时，要注意分词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。
例：Arriving at the bus stop, _____ waiting there.
A. he found a lot of people
B. a lot of people were
C. he found a lot of people’s
D. people were found
根据上面所述，可以首先排除B和D，C项中的people’s结构不对，正确答案只能是A。
4．掌握好非谓语动词形式时态和语态的正确使用。如果非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主要谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时，用一般式，如果非谓语动词表示的动作在主要谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用完成式。非谓语动词的逻辑主语是动作的发出者还是接受者决定了应当用主动式还是被动式。
例：The famous novel is said _____ into Chinese.
A. to have translated
B. to be translate
C. to have been translated
D. to translate
答案为C。
非谓语动词练习：
1. It is no good ____________ to come now. He is busy.
A. if you ask him B. to ask him C. asking him D. that you ask him
2. He was lucky to escape __________ to prison.
A. sending B. being sent C. to be sent D. sent
3. The bedroom needs _____________.
A. clean B. to clean C. cleaned D. cleaning
4. His parents ______________ last week, the child has no one to look after him.
A. having died B. died C. dead D. having dead
5. ____________ a teacher in the university, it is necessary to have at least master’s degree.
A. Become B. To become C. One becomes D. Becoming
6. There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _________ trouble.
A. making B. to make C. to have made D. having made
7. I have heard both teachers and students ____________ well of him.
A. to speak B. spoken C. to have spoken D. speak
8. Mrs. Brown is supposed ____________ for Italy last week.
A. to have been left B. to be leaving C. to leave D. to have left
9. When _______________ the education systems of China and Britain, the professor gave no comment.
A. being asked to compare B. asked him to compare
C. asking him to compare D. asked to compare
10. You will see this product _________ wherever you go.
A. to be advertised B. advertise C. advertised D. advertising
练习答案：
01-05：ABDAB 06-10：BDDAC
湖南成人教育学位英语【语法】重点详细解析（1）：免费下载（word文档）
