湖南成人教育学位英语【阅读理解】
练习和答案解析（2）
（一）Job and Dream
My father was foreman of s sugar-cane plantation in Rio piedras, puerto Rico. My first job was to drive the oxen that plowed the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks.
It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners were always watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could. I’ve never been late for any job since. I also learned about being respectful and loyal to the people you work for. More important, I earned my pay; it never entered my mind to day I was sick just because I didn’t want to work.
I was only six years old, but I was doing a man’s job. our family needed every dollar we could make because my father never earned more than $18 a week. our home was a three-room wood shack with a dirt floor and no toilet. Nothing made me prouder than bringing home money to help my mother, father, two brothers and three sisters. This gave me self-esteem, one of the most important things a person can have.
When I was seven, I got work at a golf course near our house. My job was to stand down the fairway and spot the balls as they landed so the golfers could find them. Losing a ball meant you were fired, so I never miss one. Some nights I would lie in bed and dream of making thousands of dollars playing golf and being able to buy a bicycle.
The more I dreamed, the more I thought, why not? I made my first golf club out of guava limb and a piece of pipe. Then I hammered an empty tin can into the shape of a ball. And finally I dug two small holes in the ground and hit the ball back and forth. I practiced with the same devotion and intensity I learned working in the field – except now I was driving golf balls with club, not oxen with a broomstick.
1. What was the writer’s first job?
A.to stand down the fairway at a golf course.
B.To spot the balls as they landed so the golfers could find them.
C.To drive the oxen that plowed the cane fields.
D.To watch the sugar-cane plantation.
2. The word “tedious” in paragraph 2 most probably means ____.
A.hard
B.boring
C.interesting
D.long
3. What did the writer learn about from his first job?
A.He could work as hard as possible.
B.He could go to work on time.
C.He should never fail to go to work.
D.He should be respectful and loyal to the people he works for.
4. What gave the writer self-esteem?
A.Having a big family.
B.Bringing money back home to help the family.
C.Helping his father with the work.
D.All of the above.
5. What was the writer’s dream while working at a golf course?
A.Making a lot of money by playing golf.
B.Becoming a successful golfer.
C.Running a golf course near his house.
D.Both A & B.
内容提示与分析
本文作者回忆了自己年幼时的两次工作经历以及当时的梦想，这是一个交织着辛酸与幸福的故事，令人感到心灵的触动。全文分两个层次：第一层次讲述了作者的第一份工作---在农田里赶牛犁地。这份工作虽然单调劳累，却使作者为生活做好了准备，给他上了终身受用的一课。最重要的是，使他为自己那贫困的家庭赚了点钱，这给予了作者人生最宝贵的东西---自尊。第二层讲述了他的第二份工作---在高尔夫球场捡球。在努力工作中，作者梦想成为成功的高尔夫球手，能为自己买辆单车。怀着这样的梦想，年幼时的作者用自制的一个简易破烂的高尔夫球杆，以他在农田工作时学到的投入精神和热情进行着练习。
（一）答案及分析：
1. C
分析：作者在第一段的第二句提到：My first job was to drive the oxen that plowed the cane fields.我的第一份工作便是赶着牛犁甘蔗地。很明显，C符合文章内容；A守候在高尔夫球场的球道上；B当球着地时辨认出来，以便高尔夫球手找到他们。在高尔夫球场的工作虽然作者也做过，但并不是作者的第一份工作，故答案为C。
2. B
分析：文章第二段开始提到：It was very tedious work, but I prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons.这份工作虽然很令人厌烦，但是使我对生活做好了准备，为我上了终身受益的一课.从but一词可以看出这句话明显带有转折的语气，显然tedious的语气与后面“我” 的收获相反，是否定的语气。上文提到，I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks.我得在一头牛后面慢慢走，用一根帚柄引导它。一天一美元，我要一直工作8小时，没有用餐休息时间。这项工作劳动强度虽然不大，但是却是很单调乏味。A困难的，艰苦的；B 令人生厌的；C有趣的；D漫长的，故答案为B。
3. D
分析：文章第二段提到：I also learned about being respectful and loyal to the people you work for.我也学会了应该尊敬并忠实于你为之工作的人。A他应尽可能努力的工作；B他应该准时上班；C他绝不能上班缺勤；这些选项在文中也提到过，都是在种植园主的监视下作者的实际做法，但并不符合本题的意思。作者在文中提出，在这一份工作中实际学到的便是尊敬和忠实于雇主。故答案为D。
4. B
分析：文章第三段最后提到：Nothing made me prouder than bringing money home to help my mother, father, two brothers, and three sisters. This gave me self-esteem, one of the most important things a person can have.没有什么比拿钱回家帮助我的母亲，父亲，两个兄弟和三个姐妹更令我感到骄傲的了。这给我带来了自尊---一个人所能拥有的最重要的东西之一。很明显使作者感到自尊的是能赚钱帮助家人。A并非是作者感到自尊的原因；C也不甚准确；D前面提到的答案都对，这显然也不符合题目意思。故答案为B。
5. D
分析：文章第四段最后提到：Some nights I would lie in bed and dream of making thousands of dollars playing golf and being able to buy a bicycle.多少个夜晚我躺在床上，梦想着我通过打高尔夫球挣到成千上万的美元，能够买一辆自行车。C在他房子附近经营一个高尔夫球场，文章没提到；A打高尔夫球挣许多钱；B成为一个成功的高尔夫球手。A和B均符合文章的意思，故答案为D。
（二）DNA
Each living cell contained the message EAT, GROW, SPLIT, AND PASS THIS MESSAGE ALONG. But how could cells understand a message> they couldn’t read or write, so what form could these instructions take? For a long time this question baffled (使困惑)scientists, and they worked hard to figure out how the messages of life were passed from generation to generation.
Then in 1953, four scientists solved the mystery. James Waston and Francis Crick, helped by the work of Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin, figured out the structure if a super-molecule(超分子)called DNA (short for deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸的缩略)，which contains the cell messages. The three men became world famous and won the Nobel Prize, which is one of the highest honors a scientist can be awarded. But Rosalind Franklin died before people realized how important her work was.
Because DNA is too small to be seen under a microscope, the scientists had to figure out how the molecules that made DNA were fitted together. They discovered that the DNA molecule looked like a twisted rope ladder (扭曲的绳梯), which they called a double helix(双螺旋). The “rope” and “steps” of the DNA, they said, were made of four kinds of nucleotide (核甘)bases hooked together in special ways that could carry the coed messages of life.
DNA is in the middle of all living cells. It acts as a memory and control for all growth and reproduction. Each “step” in the twisted ladder is a coded “word” of instructions telling the cell how to build itself up step by step, and when to split in two.
When a cell divides, the DNA “unzip”(解开拉练) into two strands (串)，one for each new cells. Each DNA strand contains the full message, and immediately starts building itself back to a double helix by using the chemicals “eaten” by the cells. Soon each cell in the new generation has a full DNA molecule inside it, just like the one in its parent cell. Then the process of growth and division starts all over again.
1.Which of the following statements is not true?
A.Each living cell can take instructions.
B.The DNA molecule is a twisted rope ladder.
C.DNA acts as a memory and control center for all growth and reproduction.
D.DNA gave the first living cells the ability to split and started the amazing story of life.
2.It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A.Rosalind Franklin won the Nobel Prize for her work on DNA
B.People did not solve the mystery of DNA until the year 1853
C.The discovery of DNA has exerted a profound influence on scientific world
D.Maurice Wilkins died before people realized how important his work was
3.According to the passage, the DNA molecule turns out to be ____.
A.a twisted rope ladder
B.“steps”
C.coded “words”
D.four kinds of nucleotide bases
4.The phrase “the coded messages of life” in the third paragraph can be best replaced by _____.
A.the instructions to eat, grow, split and to pass this message along
B.the process of cell growth and cell division
C.the instructions to build itself up
D.the instructions to split itself in two
5.In the final analysis, a double helix signifies____.
A.the chemicals “eaten” by the cell
B.the structure of a super-molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid
C.the two strands, one for each new cell
D.the parent cell and the body cells
内容提示与分析：
本文主要围绕DNA讲述了一些生物技术的知识。文章开头提出的问题是：为什么生命信息从一代传向下一代？科学家发现DNA正是秘密所在。随后介绍了DNA的双螺旋结构。DNA处于活细胞的中心，象个记忆库记忆着信息；最后介绍了DNA通过自我复制生成新的DNA的过程。
（二）答案及分析：
1.B
分析：文章第三段第二句提到：“They discovered that the DNA molecule looked like a twisted rope ladder, which they called a double helix.” DNA 只是看起来像绳子，并非说它真是如此。选项B混淆了事实与比喻。故答案为B。
2.C
分析：由文章第二段可知，科学家获得了诺贝尔奖，可见其成就的重要性。尤其在最后一句明确指出他们工作的重要性，所以C正确。A不对，因为弗兰克林在获奖之前已经去世；B不对，1953年只是发现了DNA，并不意味着完全了解了其秘密；D也不对，与原文不符。故答案为C。
3.D
分析：由文章第三段最后一句“The rope and steps of the DNA, they said, were made of four kinds of nucleotide bases hooked together in special ways that could carry the coded messages of life 可知答案，故答案为D。”
4.A
分析：本体的答案就是第一段第一句：“Each living cell contained the message EAT, GROW, SPLIT, AND PASS THIS MESSAGE ALONG.”之所以选A,是因为它包含的内容最全面，而B, C D三个选项都仅说到了问题的一个方面，故答案为A.
5.B
分析：本题考察对文章的推理。由第三段中的“… which contains the cell messages.”可知答案，双螺旋结构就是指DNA的结构。故答案为B。
（三）Water Pollution
Water problem in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wasters, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for building wasters. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volume of liquid wasters, and many of these will contain chemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals. From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.
There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be dwindled. The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wasters “prior to” disposal and the treatment of liquid wasters, or effluents, to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal.
A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste products into marketable byproducts. Other industries are exploring potential; economic uses for their waste products.
1.The purpose of this passage is _____.
A.to acquaint the reader with water pollution problems
B.to alert the reader the dwindling water supply
C.to explain industrial uses of water
D.to demonstrate various uses of water
2. Which of the following points is NOT included in the passage?
A.Expanding industries need larger volume of water.
B. Demands for water will go up along with the expanding population.
C. Intensive cultivation of land requires more and more chemicals.
D.Industrial development includes the simplification of complex chemical processing.
3. The word “prior to” in Paragraph 2 probably mean____.
A. during B. after
C. before D. beyond
4. The reader can conclude that_____.
A.Countries of the world will work together on pollution problems.
B. Some industries are now making economic use of wastes
C. Byproducts from wastes lead to a more prosperous marketplace
D.Science is making great progress on increasing water supplies
5.The author gives substance to the passage through the use of ____.
A.interviews with authorities in the field of water controls
B. definitions which clarify important terms
C. opinions and personal observations
D.strong arguments and persuasions
内容提示与分析：
这是一篇介绍水污染以及水污染解决办法的文章。全文可以分为两个部分：第一部分主要介绍水污染越来越严重，比如人口剧增使城市污水增加，工业扩大使含有害化学物质的污水增加。为了解决这些问题，必须采取一定的方法；第二部分主要介绍了两个解决方法，第一个方法是处理污水以降低其危害，废水再利用。第二个方法是经济有效的利用污水。比如农业灌溉和提供工业用水。
（三）答案及分析：
1.A
分析：这篇文章主要介绍污水的现状以及治理方法。A包含这层意思；B警告读者要缩减水的供应，原文没有这个意思；C解释水在工业上的应用，太片面；D 演示水的不同用法，文中只是介绍污水的使用。故答案为A.
2. D
分析：原文中“Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volume of liquid wasters,”刚好与答案D的论述相反，所以文章一定没有包含D这个选项的内容。其他选项在文章中都可以找到。故答案为D。
3. C
分析：按照常理推断，处理污水应该先过滤掉固体物质，然后再对剩下的液体进行处理，所以“prior to”一定是“在…之前”的意思，另外，在文章的第二段的末尾有“minimize pollution upon final disposal”,与前面的“disposal”相对应，应该可以分析出，这个“disposal”是“final”的，所以“prior to”是“在…之前”的意思。故答案为C。
4. B
分析：这几个选项说得都没有错，但是能够从文章中推断出来的只有B。A文章没有提及国家间的合作；C文章指说明副产品可以进入市场，但是不一定会带来市场的繁荣；D文章关于水供给的论述几乎没有，故答案为B。
5. C
分析：从全文来看，作者只是在表达个人的观点以及陈述个人观察的结果，并没有采访专家；也不是在争论驳斥，劝服他人；更不是在界定一个重要的术语，故答案为C。
【阅读理解】练习和答案解析（2）：免费下载（word文档）
